Mauritania Travel Guide
Mauritania, located in the heart of the Sahara Desert in Northwest Africa, is a country that captivates with its dramatic landscapes, rich history, and a unique blend of Arab, Berber, and African cultures. Despite its vastness and relatively low population, Mauritania is a country of surprising beauty, from its golden dunes to its bustling markets and ancient trade routes. For the intrepid traveler seeking an off-the-beaten-path destination, Mauritania offers a wealth of experiences, from exploring its vibrant capital, Nouakchott, to venturing into the depths of the desert.
Overview of Mauritania
Mauritania is a large, sparsely populated country with a population of just over 4 million people. It is bordered by Western Sahara to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mali to the east and southeast, and Senegal to the southwest. To the west, Mauritania has a long coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, which provides access to both trade routes and beautiful beach areas.
Historically, Mauritania has been a key player in trans-Saharan trade, particularly during the time of the ancient Ghana Empire and later as a part of the French colonial empire. In 1960, Mauritania gained its independence from France, but its history continues to be marked by its Arab and African cultural ties.
The country’s terrain is mostly desert, with vast stretches of sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and the fertile Senegal River Valley. Its cultural makeup is also varied, with a mix of Arab-Berber and Sub-Saharan African influences. The country’s predominant religion is Islam, and its official language is Arabic, though French is also widely spoken due to its colonial past.
Mauritania remains relatively untouched by mass tourism, making it an attractive destination for travelers who want to experience a country with a deeply rooted culture and untouched landscapes.
Geography and Climate
Mauritania’s geography is dominated by the Sahara Desert, which covers most of the country, creating a largely arid and dry climate. The desert is interspersed with semi-arid regions, including the western Sahelian zone that lies along the Senegal River. Mauritania is a country of extremes in both its weather and its landscapes, ranging from vast stretches of sand dunes to verdant river valleys.
Mauritania’s climate is classified as desert and semi-arid, characterized by extreme heat, low rainfall, and significant temperature differences between day and night. The country has a single rainy season that lasts only a few months and a long, dry period during which temperatures can soar. The variations in temperature and rainfall patterns are essential to understand when planning a trip to Mauritania, as they can significantly impact the types of experiences you will have while traveling.
Weather in Mauritania
Mauritania’s weather is typically hot and dry for most of the year, with the temperature rising sharply in the summer months. The desert climate in the north and central regions of Mauritania creates dramatic temperature changes, and the coastal areas experience a more moderate climate. The weather in Mauritania varies considerably from season to season, so understanding the best times to visit is key to making the most of your trip. See intershippingrates for Mauritania weather by month.
Hot Season (April to June)
The hot season in Mauritania, stretching from April to June, is when temperatures are at their highest, especially in the desert regions. Daytime temperatures can reach 40°C (104°F) to 45°C (113°F), with the sun’s intensity making travel in the desert challenging without proper preparation. During this time, it’s essential to stay hydrated and protect yourself from the extreme heat. The evenings, however, can be cooler, with temperatures dropping to around 25°C (77°F) in some areas.
In the coastal city of Nouakchott, temperatures during the hot season are more bearable compared to the inland areas, but still hover around 30°C (86°F). The high heat can make outdoor activities less comfortable, so it’s important to plan indoor activities or seek shelter during the hottest hours of the day. For travelers interested in exploring Mauritania’s desert landscapes, the early mornings and late afternoons are the best times to explore, as the temperatures are more tolerable.
Rainy Season (July to September)
Mauritania experiences a brief rainy season from July to September, during which the desert climate is slightly relieved by sporadic showers. While the southern and western regions, particularly around the Senegal River, receive the most rainfall, the northern and central areas are mostly dry, with occasional showers. The rainy season in Mauritania brings cooler temperatures, but the humidity levels rise significantly, making it feel warmer than the actual temperature.
During this time, the deserts take on a unique beauty, with the rare greenery emerging from the rains, and the Senegal River Valley becomes lush and fertile. The rainy season is considered the best time for agricultural activity, and travelers interested in exploring the country’s rural areas will see a different side of Mauritania during this period. However, the rainy season also brings the risk of flooding in some low-lying areas, which may make certain regions more difficult to navigate.
While the rainy season can be pleasant for those seeking cooler temperatures, it also brings increased humidity and less predictable weather, so travelers should be prepared for some rain showers and the possibility of travel disruptions.
Cool Season (October to March)
The cool season, which lasts from October to March, is the best time to visit Mauritania. During this period, temperatures are much milder, particularly in the coastal areas where the weather is more moderate. Daytime temperatures in the cooler months range from 25°C (77°F) to 30°C (86°F), while the nights are much cooler, dropping to around 15°C (59°F) in some regions. The cool season is also when the landscape is at its most comfortable for exploration, making it ideal for outdoor activities like hiking, camel treks, and visiting historical sites.
In the northern desert regions, temperatures can still be hot during the day but are much more manageable compared to the scorching heat of the hot season. The cooler weather makes it possible to explore Mauritania’s vast desert landscapes without being overwhelmed by the heat. Similarly, the coastal cities, including Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, enjoy pleasant temperatures and moderate conditions during the cool season, making it the prime time for coastal tourism and beach activities.
For those interested in experiencing Mauritania’s natural beauty and cultural richness, the cool season is the perfect time to visit, as it offers the most comfortable conditions for travel and outdoor exploration.
Must-See Destinations in Mauritania
Mauritania may not be as widely visited as some other North African countries, but its natural beauty and cultural significance make it a hidden gem for adventurous travelers. From the vast Saharan dunes to the fertile river valleys and coastal cities, here are some of the must-see destinations in Mauritania.
Nouakchott: The Capital City
Nouakchott, the capital and largest city of Mauritania, serves as the country’s political and economic center. While the city may not be a tourist hotspot in the traditional sense, it is a gateway to the rest of the country and a place where travelers can immerse themselves in Mauritania’s urban culture.
The Port of Nouakchott and the Fish Market
The port of Nouakchott is one of the most significant commercial centers in Mauritania, and the bustling fish market nearby is a must-visit for anyone interested in seeing local life. The market is filled with vendors selling fresh seafood, and the atmosphere is lively, with fishermen bringing in their daily catch. It’s an excellent spot to experience Mauritania’s culinary culture and witness the daily hustle of the city.
Chinguetti: The Ancient Desert Town
Chinguetti, located in the heart of the Sahara Desert, is one of Mauritania’s most famous historical towns. Founded in the 13th century, it became an important center for trade and Islamic scholarship. The town is home to ancient libraries, including some of the oldest manuscripts in the Islamic world.
The Historic Old Town and Ancient Libraries
Visitors to Chinguetti can explore the narrow, winding streets of the old town, where traditional mud-brick buildings stand as a testament to the region’s long history. The town’s ancient libraries, which hold centuries-old manuscripts, are an essential part of the town’s cultural heritage. A visit to Chinguetti is a journey back in time, where the vastness of the Sahara serves as the perfect backdrop for understanding Mauritania’s ancient past.
The Sahara Desert: A Majestic Landscape
No visit to Mauritania would be complete without experiencing the vast expanse of the Sahara Desert. The desert offers some of the most breathtaking landscapes in the world, with towering sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and salt flats.
The Erg Amatlich Dunes and the Adrar Region
The Erg Amatlich Dunes, located in the Adrar region, are one of the most iconic sites in Mauritania. These golden dunes rise to impressive heights and create a surreal, otherworldly landscape. The Adrar region is also known for its ancient kasbahs (fortified villages) and oases, where travelers can take camel treks, camp under the stars, and experience the timeless beauty of the desert.
The Senegal River Valley: Fertile and Picturesque
The Senegal River Valley in southern Mauritania is a stark contrast to the desert landscape. The river valley is a lush and fertile region, home to agriculture, fishing, and many rural communities. It is also a great place for birdwatching, as the river attracts numerous migratory birds.
The City of Rosso and its Surroundings
The city of Rosso, located along the Senegal River, is a bustling hub for trade and commerce. From Rosso, travelers can explore the surrounding area, which is rich in agriculture, birdlife, and natural beauty. The river is an important feature of life in the region and provides a source of livelihood for the local people.
Cultural Etiquette and Travel Tips
Mauritania is a conservative and predominantly Muslim country, and understanding the local customs and etiquette will enhance your experience.
Greetings and Social Etiquette
In Mauritania, greetings are an important part of daily life. A traditional handshake is common, and it is polite to greet others with “As-salamu alaykum” (Peace be upon you). When addressing someone older, it’s customary to show respect by using titles such as “sayyid” (sir) or “sayyida” (madam). In more rural areas, it is polite to remove your shoes when entering someone’s home.
Dress Code
Mauritania is a conservative country, and modest dress is expected, particularly in rural areas and when visiting religious sites. Women should cover their shoulders and knees, and men should avoid wearing shorts, especially in traditional or rural areas. It is also recommended for women to wear a headscarf, particularly in religious settings.
Currency and Payment Methods
The currency used in Mauritania is the Mauritanian ouguiya (MRU). Credit cards are not widely accepted, especially outside of Nouakchott, so it is advisable to carry cash when traveling. ATMs are available in major cities, but travelers should always have enough cash for transactions in more remote areas.
Health and Safety
Mauritania is generally safe for travelers, but it’s important to take precautions, especially when traveling in remote areas. Malaria is a concern in some parts of the country, so it’s recommended to take appropriate medication and use insect repellent. Drinking bottled water is essential to avoid waterborne illnesses, and travelers should be cautious with street food.
