Famous Landmarks in Syria

Syria, located in the heart of the Middle East, boasts a rich tapestry of history, culture, and natural beauty. Despite facing challenges in recent years, Syria remains home to some of the world’s most remarkable archaeological sites, bustling souks, and vibrant cities. From the ancient ruins of Palmyra and Aleppo’s UNESCO-listed Old City to the serene landscapes of the Syrian coast and the majestic mountains of the north, Syria offers a diverse range of attractions for travelers. Syrian cuisine, renowned for its flavors and diversity, is a highlight for many visitors, as is the warmth and hospitality of the Syrian people. While travel to Syria requires careful consideration and planning due to ongoing conflicts and security concerns, those who venture here are rewarded with unforgettable experiences and a deeper understanding of this ancient land’s storied past and resilient spirit.

1. Palmyra

Palmyra, also known as Tadmur in Arabic, is an ancient archaeological site located in the desert oasis of central Syria. Once a thriving city along the Silk Road, Palmyra boasts well-preserved ruins that date back to the Roman and Byzantine periods. The city’s most iconic landmark is the Temple of Bel, a magnificent temple dedicated to the Semitic god Bel, with its towering columns and intricate carvings. Other notable attractions in Palmyra include the Roman Theater, the Arch of Triumph, and the Valley of the Tombs, where visitors can explore ancient burial chambers and funerary monuments. Despite suffering damage from recent conflicts, Palmyra remains a testament to Syria’s rich cultural heritage and is a must-visit for history enthusiasts and archaeology buffs.

Location: Palmyra is located in central Syria, approximately 215 kilometers northeast of Damascus.

Ticket Price: Ticket prices for entry to Palmyra vary depending on nationality and may include additional fees for guided tours or access to certain areas of the site.

Nearby Airports: The nearest airport to Palmyra is Palmyra Airport (PMS), although most international travelers arrive via Damascus International Airport (DAM) and travel to Palmyra by road.

Railway Stations: There are no railway stations in Palmyra, but visitors can travel to nearby cities such as Damascus or Homs by train and continue their journey to Palmyra by bus or taxi.

Special Attention: Due to the ongoing conflict in Syria, travelers should exercise caution and stay informed about the security situation before visiting Palmyra. It’s advisable to arrange guided tours or hire local guides familiar with the area to ensure a safe and informative experience.

2. Aleppo Old City

Aleppo Old City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a treasure trove of history and culture. Located in northern Syria, Aleppo’s Old City is renowned for its labyrinthine streets, historic landmarks, and traditional architecture. Highlights include the Aleppo Citadel, a massive fortress dating back to the 3rd millennium BCE, and the Great Mosque of Aleppo, one of the oldest and most important mosques in the Islamic world. Visitors to Aleppo Old City can wander through bustling souks, admire the intricate craftsmanship of ancient buildings, and sample local delicacies at traditional restaurants and cafes. Despite suffering damage during the Syrian conflict, efforts are underway to restore and preserve Aleppo’s cultural heritage, making it a compelling destination for intrepid travelers and history enthusiasts.

Location: Aleppo Old City is located in the city of Aleppo in northern Syria.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to specific attractions within Aleppo Old City may vary, with some landmarks offering free admission or discounted rates for students and seniors.

Nearby Airports: Aleppo International Airport (ALP) serves the city of Aleppo, although it may have limited operations due to the conflict. Alternatively, travelers can fly into Damascus International Airport (DAM) and travel to Aleppo by road.

Railway Stations: Aleppo Railway Station is the main railway hub in the city, offering connections to other cities and towns in Syria. However, train services may be limited or suspended due to the conflict.

Special Attention: Travelers should exercise caution when visiting Aleppo Old City due to the ongoing conflict and potential security risks. It’s advisable to check the latest travel advisories and consult with local authorities or tour operators before planning a visit.

3. Umayyad Mosque (Great Mosque of Damascus)

The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world and a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. Located in the heart of Damascus, the mosque’s construction began in the 8th century during the Umayyad Caliphate and has undergone numerous renovations and expansions over the centuries. The mosque features a stunning array of marble columns, mosaics, and ornate minarets, as well as a tranquil courtyard and prayer halls adorned with intricate geometric patterns and calligraphy. The Umayyad Mosque is not only a place of worship but also a cultural and historical landmark that reflects Syria’s diverse heritage and religious significance.

Location: The Umayyad Mosque is located in the Old City of Damascus, the capital of Syria.

Ticket Price: Entry to the Umayyad Mosque is free for worshippers and visitors, although donations are appreciated for maintenance and preservation efforts.

Nearby Airports: Damascus International Airport (DAM) is the nearest airport to the Umayyad Mosque, offering domestic and international flights.

Railway Stations: There are no railway stations in the immediate vicinity of the Umayyad Mosque, but travelers can reach Damascus by train and continue their journey to the Old City by taxi or public transportation.

Special Attention: Visitors should dress modestly and respect Islamic customs when visiting the Umayyad Mosque, including covering arms, legs, and hair for women, and removing shoes before entering prayer areas. Photography may be restricted in certain areas of the mosque, so it’s advisable to ask permission before taking pictures.

4. Krak des Chevaliers

Krak des Chevaliers, also known as Crac des Chevaliers, is a medieval castle located in the Homs Governorate of western Syria. Built during the Crusades by the Knights Hospitaller, Krak des Chevaliers is renowned for its imposing fortifications, massive walls, and strategic hilltop location. The castle’s well-preserved architecture and military defenses offer insights into medieval warfare and Crusader history, with features such as drawbridges, moats, and arrow slits still intact. Visitors to Krak des Chevaliers can explore its towers, courtyards, and underground passages, enjoying panoramic views of the surrounding countryside and nearby villages. Despite suffering damage during the Syrian conflict, efforts are underway to restore and preserve Krak des Chevaliers as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Syria’s rich cultural heritage.

Location: Krak des Chevaliers is located near the town of Homs in the Homs Governorate of western Syria.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to Krak des Chevaliers may vary depending on nationality and age, with discounts available for students and children.

Nearby Airports: Homs Airport (HMS) is the nearest airport to Krak des Chevaliers, although it may have limited operations due to the conflict. Alternatively, travelers can fly into Damascus International Airport (DAM) and travel to Homs by road.

Railway Stations: Homs Railway Station is the main railway hub in the city, offering connections to other cities and towns in Syria. However, train services may be limited or suspended due to the conflict.

Special Attention: Due to the ongoing conflict in Syria, travelers should exercise caution and stay informed about the security situation before visiting Krak des Chevaliers. It’s advisable to arrange guided tours or hire local guides familiar with the area to ensure a safe and informative experience.

5. Apamea

Apamea, also known as Afamia, is an ancient archaeological site located in the Hama Governorate of central Syria. Founded by the Seleucid Empire in the 3rd century BCE, Apamea was once a prosperous city along the Silk Road, known for its grand colonnaded street, agora, and monumental architecture. Today, visitors to Apamea can explore its extensive ruins, including the mile-long colonnaded street lined with towering columns, as well as remnants of temples, baths, and civic buildings. The site’s strategic location and well-preserved artifacts offer insights into Syria’s ancient history and cultural heritage, making it a compelling destination for history enthusiasts and archaeology buffs.

Location: Apamea is located in the Hama Governorate of central Syria, approximately 55 kilometers northwest of Hama.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to Apamea may vary depending on nationality and age, with discounts available for students and children.

Nearby Airports: Hama Airport (LID) serves the city of Hama, although it may have limited operations due to the conflict. Alternatively, travelers can fly into Damascus International Airport (DAM) and travel to Hama by road.

Railway Stations: Hama Railway Station is the main railway hub in the city, offering connections to other cities and towns in Syria. However, train services may be limited or suspended due to the conflict.

Special Attention: Due to the ongoing conflict in Syria, travelers should exercise caution and stay informed about the security situation before visiting Apamea. It’s advisable to arrange guided tours or hire local guides familiar with the area to ensure a safe and informative experience.

6. Bosra

Bosra is an ancient city located in the Daraa Governorate of southern Syria, known for its well-preserved Roman ruins and UNESCO-listed archaeological site. Founded by the Nabataeans in the 2nd century BCE, Bosra later became an important Roman outpost and trading center along the Via Traiana Nova. The city’s most iconic landmark is the Roman Theatre of Bosra, one of the best-preserved theaters in the Roman Empire, with its towering stage, seating galleries, and ornate decorations. Other notable attractions in Bosra include the Roman baths, the Temple of Zeus, and the ancient city walls, which offer insights into Syria’s ancient history and architectural heritage. Despite suffering damage during the Syrian conflict, efforts are underway to restore and preserve Bosra’s cultural landmarks, making it a compelling destination for history enthusiasts and sightseers.

Location: Bosra is located in the Daraa Governorate of southern Syria, approximately 140 kilometers south of Damascus.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to Bosra may vary depending on nationality and age, with discounts available for students and children.

Nearby Airports: Damascus International Airport (DAM) is the nearest airport to Bosra, offering domestic and international flights.

Railway Stations: There are no railway stations in the immediate vicinity of Bosra, but travelers can reach Daraa by train and continue their journey to Bosra by bus or taxi.

Special Attention: Travelers should exercise caution when visiting Bosra due to the ongoing conflict and potential security risks. It’s advisable to check the latest travel advisories and consult with local authorities or tour operators before planning a visit.

7. Aleppo Citadel

The Aleppo Citadel, also known as Qal’at al-Madiq, is a medieval fortress located in the center of Aleppo, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Built on a strategic hilltop overlooking the city, the citadel has a history dating back over 5,000 years, with successive civilizations leaving their mark on its architecture and defenses. The citadel’s imposing walls, towers, and gates offer panoramic views of Aleppo and the surrounding countryside, while its interior features archaeological remains, museums, and exhibitions tracing Aleppo’s history and cultural heritage. Despite suffering damage during the Syrian conflict, efforts are underway to restore and preserve the Aleppo Citadel as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of Syria’s rich history and resilience.

Location: The Aleppo Citadel is located in the center of Aleppo, in northern Syria.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to the Aleppo Citadel may vary depending on nationality and age, with discounts available for students and children.

Nearby Airports: Aleppo International Airport (ALP) serves the city of Aleppo, although it may have limited operations due to the conflict. Alternatively, travelers can fly into Damascus International Airport (DAM) and travel to Aleppo by road.

Railway Stations: Aleppo Railway Station is the main railway hub in the city, offering connections to other cities and towns in Syria. However, train services may be limited or suspended due to the conflict.

Special Attention: Travelers should exercise caution when visiting the Aleppo Citadel due to the ongoing conflict and potential security risks. It’s advisable to check the latest travel advisories and consult with local authorities or tour operators before planning a visit.

8. Maaloula

Maaloula is a historic village located in the Rif Dimashq Governorate of southwestern Syria, renowned for its ancient Christian monasteries and Aramaic-speaking community. Nestled in the rugged mountains of the Qalamoun region, Maaloula is one of the few places in the world where Aramaic, the language of Jesus Christ, is still spoken as a mother tongue. The village’s most notable landmarks include the Monastery of Saint Sergius and the Monastery of Saint Thecla, both of which date back to the 4th century CE and are carved into the rocky cliffsides. Visitors to Maaloula can explore its narrow streets, visit historic churches and chapels, and experience the unique culture and traditions of its inhabitants. Despite suffering damage during the Syrian conflict, efforts are underway to preserve Maaloula’s cultural heritage and promote tourism in the region.

Location: Maaloula is located in the Rif Dimashq Governorate of southwestern Syria, approximately 56 kilometers northeast of Damascus.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to historic sites in Maaloula may vary, with discounts available for students and children.

Nearby Airports: Damascus International Airport (DAM) is the nearest airport to Maaloula, offering domestic and international flights.

Railway Stations: There are no railway stations in the immediate vicinity of Maaloula, but travelers can reach Damascus by train and continue their journey to Maaloula by bus or taxi.

Special Attention: Travelers should exercise caution when visiting Maaloula due to the ongoing conflict and potential security risks. It’s advisable to check the latest travel advisories and consult with local authorities or tour operators before planning a visit.

9. Mari

Mari, also known as Tell Hariri, is an ancient archaeological site located in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate of eastern Syria, near the Euphrates River. Founded in the 3rd millennium BCE, Mari was an important city-state in the ancient Near East, serving as a center of trade, culture, and politics. The site’s extensive ruins include palaces, temples, residential quarters, and defensive walls, providing insights into Mari’s urban layout and social organization. Highlights of the Mari archaeological site include the Royal Palace of Mari, with its impressive courtyard and reception halls, and the Temple of Ishtar, dedicated to the Mesopotamian goddess of love and fertility. Despite suffering damage during the Syrian conflict, efforts are underway to preserve and excavate Mari’s archaeological treasures, making it a compelling destination for history enthusiasts and archaeology buffs.

Location: Mari is located in the Deir ez-Zor Governorate of eastern Syria, near the Euphrates River.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to Mari may vary depending on nationality and age, with discounts available for students and children.

Nearby Airports: Deir ez-Zor Airport (DEZ) serves the city of Deir ez-Zor, although it may have limited operations due to the conflict. Alternatively, travelers can fly into Damascus International Airport (DAM) and travel to Deir ez-Zor by road.

Railway Stations: There are no railway stations in the immediate vicinity of Mari, but travelers can reach Deir ez-Zor by train and continue their journey to Mari by bus or taxi.

Special Attention: Travelers should exercise caution when visiting Mari due to the ongoing conflict and potential security risks. It’s advisable to check the latest travel advisories and consult with local authorities or tour operators before planning a visit.

10. Damascus Old City

Damascus Old City, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a cultural and historical treasure of Syria. Located in the heart of Damascus, the Old City is a maze of narrow streets, bustling souks, and ancient landmarks that reflect its rich history and diverse heritage. Highlights include the Umayyad Mosque, the Citadel of Damascus, and the Street Called Straight, mentioned in the Bible as the route taken by the apostle Paul. Visitors to Damascus Old City can explore its historic neighborhoods, visit traditional hammams and coffeehouses, and sample local cuisine at family-run restaurants and bakeries. Despite suffering damage during the Syrian conflict, efforts are underway to restore and preserve Damascus Old City as a symbol of Syria’s enduring resilience and cultural identity.

Location: Damascus Old City is located in the center of Damascus, the capital of Syria.

Ticket Price: Entry fees to specific attractions within Damascus Old City may vary, with some landmarks offering free admission or discounted rates for students and seniors.

Nearby Airports: Damascus International Airport (DAM) is the nearest airport to Damascus, offering domestic and international flights.

Railway Stations: There are no railway stations in the immediate vicinity of Damascus Old City, but travelers can reach Damascus by train and continue their journey to the Old City by taxi or public transportation.

Special Attention: Travelers should exercise caution when visiting Damascus Old City due to the ongoing conflict and potential security risks. It’s advisable to check the latest travel advisories and consult with local authorities or tour operators before planning a visit.